Neural stem cells are a type of stem cell that have the ability to differentiate into various types of cells found in the central nervous system, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. These cells are involved in the formation, maintenance, and repair of neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord. Research in this area aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, as well as their potential applications in regenerative medicine for treating neurological disorders and injuries. Studies also focus on identifying factors that regulate the behavior of neural stem cells and ways to manipulate them for therapeutic purposes.